Examples include demonstrating scientific, cooking, and computer application procedures. Involving students in demonstrations allows for more active learning. There are nine steps to demonstration:
1.Gain and control attention
Use gestures, examples, statistics, and dramatic statements of benefits and consequences to draw attention to message.
2.Explain expected outcome
Explain to the students what they can expect to gain from listening, participating, experimenting, and studying.
3.Stimulate recall of relevant prerequisites
Connect new material with old material, and relate unfamiliar content to commonplace content.
4.Present new material
Continue the flow of learning by presenting new information, demonstrating a skill, or facilitating a discussion.
5.Offer guidance for learning
Help the students as much as possible through your direct involvement in small-group activities and individual projects. Make yourself approachable by circulating around the room. Continually assess the students' progress through direct observation and through questioning techniques. Provide prompts where necessary.
6.Provide feedback
Provide feedback and provide the students with appropriate modeling. This will better enable the students to gauge their progress.
7.Appraise performance
Before moving to the new set of materials and experiences, students need a chance to measure themselves against some external standard. To do this, use models, tests, trials, and experiments. You may also use reflection activities, self-evaluation, peer-evaluation, and expert evaluation.
8.Make transfer possible
Ensure that practice sessions in class and individual assignments help to facilitate transfer to the real world.
9.Ensure retention
To take hold, new attitudes, knowledge and skills need to be used and reinforced. Try new ways of approaching familiar problems and drawing connections between new and old. Use methods that demand recall and retention.
Demonstration involves the teacher showing students a process or procedure.
Link to Teacher-centered approachesExamples include demonstrating scientific, cooking, and computer application procedures. Involving students in demonstrations allows for more active learning. There are nine steps to demonstration:
1.Gain and control attention
Use gestures, examples, statistics, and dramatic statements of benefits and consequences to draw attention to message.2.Explain expected outcome
Explain to the students what they can expect to gain from listening, participating, experimenting, and studying.3.Stimulate recall of relevant prerequisites
Connect new material with old material, and relate unfamiliar content to commonplace content.4.Present new material
Continue the flow of learning by presenting new information, demonstrating a skill, or facilitating a discussion.5.Offer guidance for learning
Help the students as much as possible through your direct involvement in small-group activities and individual projects. Make yourself approachable by circulating around the room. Continually assess the students' progress through direct observation and through questioning techniques. Provide prompts where necessary.6.Provide feedback
Provide feedback and provide the students with appropriate modeling. This will better enable the students to gauge their progress.7.Appraise performance
Before moving to the new set of materials and experiences, students need a chance to measure themselves against some external standard. To do this, use models, tests, trials, and experiments. You may also use reflection activities, self-evaluation, peer-evaluation, and expert evaluation.8.Make transfer possible
Ensure that practice sessions in class and individual assignments help to facilitate transfer to the real world.9.Ensure retention
To take hold, new attitudes, knowledge and skills need to be used and reinforced. Try new ways of approaching familiar problems and drawing connections between new and old. Use methods that demand recall and retention.